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We find examples in Nägeli’s large and comprehensive work, “Mechanisch-physikalische Theorie der Abstammungslehre”; and, before him, in Wigand’s “Darwinismus und die Naturforschung Newton’s und Cuvier’s”; in von Kölliker’s “Heterogenesis”; in von Baer’s “Endeavour after an End”; in the chapter added by the translator, Bronn, to the first German edition of the “Origin of Species,” where he urges weighty objections against the theory of selection, and refers to the “innate impulse to development, persistently varying in a definite direction”; in Askenasy’s oft-quoted “Beiträge zur Kritik der Darwinschen Lehre,” also referring to “variation in a definite direction,” for instance, in flowers; in Delpino’s views, and in the works of many other older writers.
He leaves us to choose between monophyletic and polyphyletic evolution, but himself inclines towards the latter, associating with it a rehabilitation of Wigand’s theory of the primitive cells. But evolution does not go on ad libitum or ad infinitum, for the capacity for differentiation and transformation gradually diminishes.
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