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The pathognomonic symptom of open stifle joint is the profuse escape of synovia, indicating perforation of the synovial capsule; by means of a probe the wound may be explored in a way that will clearly reveal the nature of the injury. After a few days have elapsed in cases where considerable infection has taken place, there is manifestation of pain as in all cases of infective arthritis.

The most practical method of handling bog spavin consists in aspiration of synovia and injection of tincture of iodin. Discretion should be employed in selecting subjects for treatment, regardless of the manner in which such cases are to be handled.

In chronic distensions of tendon sheaths synovia may be aspirated and about five cubic centimeters of equal parts of tincture of iodin and alcohol is injected into the cavity. This is not done, however, without usual aseptic precautions.

In addition to aspirating synovia, the introduction of equal parts of alcohol and tincture of iodin into the theca is necessary. The quantity of this combination injected, depends upon the size of the sheath affected and the amount of synovia retained at the time injection is made.

This membrane lines the structures that enclose the articulation and secretes a fluid, the synovia, that lubricates the surfaces. The muscles are the contractile organs that move the body. The movement of the different parts of the body is rendered possible through the manner in which the skeletal muscles are inserted into the long bones, by which the lever motion is possible.

Puncture wounds of any kind may serve to perforate the joint capsule and such traumatisms are occasioned by falls, kicks and in various ways in runaway accidents, and open carpal joint may follow. Symptomatology. The pathognomonic symptoms of the existence of an open joint is the exposure to view of articular surfaces of bones or noting the escape of synovia from the joint capsule.

Anatomy Normal and adventitious bursæ Injuries: Bursal hæmatoma DISEASES: Infective bursitis; Traumatic or trade bursitis; Bursal hydrops; Solid bursal tumour; Gonorrhœal and suppurative forms of bursitis; Tuberculous and syphilitic disease Tumours Diseases of individual bursæ in the upper and lower extremities. A bursa is a closed sac lined by endothelium and containing synovia.

By compressing the distended capsule and surrounding structures with the fingers, considerable synovia may be evacuated. In singular instances, no synovia is to be aspirated with the needle, and in such cases the amount of iodin injected needs be increased, possibly twenty-five per cent., as experience will indicate.

A very practical and fairly successful method of treatment consists in the aspiration of a quantity of synovia and injecting tincture of iodin. Cadiot recommends the drainage of synovia with a suitable trocar and cannula and injecting a mixture consisting of tincture of iodin, one part, to two parts of sterile water, to which is added a small quantity of potassium iodid.

If one could determine in advance the degree of infection and injury that is to follow small penetrant wounds of joint capsules, it would then be possible to select certain cases and immediately drain away all synovia and fill the cavity by injection with suitable antiseptic solutions.