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In every department of the military administration the influence of a vigorous mind was perceptible. Abundant supplies of food, clothing and medicine, very different in quality from those which Shales had furnished, were sent across Saint George's Channel.
Nor were the open spaces between these rocky mounds less remarkable. In one valley, the course of a river which vanished ages ago, the power of fire had left its monuments amid those of the power of water. The sedimentary rock of sandstone, shales, and marl, not only showed veins of ignitible lignite, but it was pierced by the trap which had been shot up from earth's flaming recesses.
By the banks of a deep gully here the rocks are well exposed: they consist of soft clay shales resting on the limestone, which is nearly horizontal; and this again, unconformably on the quartz and hornstone rocks, which are confused, and tilted up at all angles.
Even if we had not discovered the Eozoon, we might fairly have inferred from analogy that as the quartzites were once beds of sand, and the gneiss and mica-schist derived from shales and argillaceous sandstones, so the calcareous masses, from 400 to 1000 feet and more in thickness, were originally of organic origin.
No abysmal deposits have been found, and the limestones of the period are those which would be laid in clear, warm water of moderate depth like that of modern coral seas. The shales of the Utica and Hudson show that the waters of the sea now became clouded with mud washed in from land.
You won't live long, my swain; tall and overgrown ones like thee never does; yet, if you should chance to reach my years, you may boast to thy great grand boys, thou hast seen Marshland Shales. "Amain I did for the horse what I would neither do for earl or baron, doffed my hat; yes!
Scudder, introduces us to the sounds of the Devonian woods, bringing before our imagination the trill and hum of insect life that enlivened the solitudes of these strange old forests. Classification of the Silurian Rocks. Ludlow Formation and Fossils. Bone-bed of the Upper Ludlow. Lower Ludlow Shales with Pentamerus. Oldest known Remains of fossil Fish.
Yet so minute are the shells of which it is composed, that one square inch of rock is said to contain about four thousand millions of them. Each one of these millions is a separate distinct fossil.... a. Sandstone, b. Shales, c. Coal-seams, d. If you examine carefully a piece of coal, you will find, more or less clearly, markings like those which are seen in a piece of wood.
These bad lands are of gray, green, and brown shales that are carved in picturesque forms domes, towers, pinnacles, and minarets, and bold cliffs with deep alcoves; and all are naked rock, the sediments of an ancient lake. These lake beds are filled with fossils, the preserved bones of fishes, reptiles, and mammals, of strange and often gigantic forms, no longer found living on the globe.
Above the mountain limestone commence the more conspicuous COAL BEDS, alternating with sandstones, shales, beds of limestone, and ironstone. Coal is altogether composed of the matter of a terrestrial vegetation, transmuted by pressure.
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