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If the ruptured tendon heals, it always results in a thickening at the point of the rupture that gives the tendons a bowed appearance. This is termed bowed-tendon. The lameness resulting from an inflammation of tendons resembles that resulting from strains and injuries to the fetlock joint, especially in the region of the sesamoid bones.
The condition is of rather common occurrence in some countries because of the fragile condition of horses' bones. Symptomatology. If the parts can be examined before extravasation of blood and swelling mask the condition, crepitation may be detected. In other instances, it is possible to note a displacement of parts of the sesamoid bones this in horizontal fracture.
The flexor tendons also, in contracting, exert strain upon the inter-sesamoidean ligament, which has a similar effect upon the sesamoid bones as that which is produced by the suspensory ligament. The condition occurs quite frequently, and because of the important function performed by these bones, active inflammation of the sesamoids constitutes a serious affection.
The author treated a case where fracture of one sesamoid was occasioned by a horse receiving a puncture wound wherein the sharp end of a steel bar was protruding from the ground where it was firmly embedded. The subject in this case was injured while being driven along a country road. Frost reports simultaneous fracture of all of the proximal sesamoids occurring in a sixteen-year-old pony.
If destruction of any part of the articular surfaces can be prevented and the patient allowed ample time for complete resolution of the affected parts to occur, permanent relief is possible. Fracture of the Proximal Sesamoids. Etiology and Occurrence. Fracture of the proximal sesamoid bones is caused by violent strain when there exists fragilitas osseum, or by contusions.
While bearing weight, there is assumed a position of slight dorsal flexion, undue flexion being checked by the inhibitory apparatus of the joint check ligaments, and their tendons and the suspensory ligament. The inhibitory apparatus of the fetlock joint is materially reinforced by the proximal sesamoid bones.
In chronic sesamoiditis, constant lameness is the one salient feature which marks the condition. While it is possible for one sesamoid bone to become involved without its fellow being affected, this is not usual. Considerable organization of tissue surrounding the joint is present and no particular evidence of supersensitiveness exists.
Situated as they are, between the bifurcating portions of the suspensory ligament and the posterior part of the distal end of the metacarpus with which they articulate the sesamoid bones serve to change the course of the branches of the suspensory ligament in a manner that they give firm support to this joint. Volar flexion is limited by the extensors of the phalanges.
Inflammation of the proximal sesamoid bones is caused by any kind of irritation which may involve this part of the inhibitory apparatus. Positioned as they are, between the bifurcations of the suspensory ligament and the pastern joint, they serve as fulcra and effectively assist in minimizing concussion which is received by the suspensory ligament.
A, Metacarpal bone; B, first phalanx; C, second phalanx, D, third phalanx; E, distal sesamoid bone; 1, volar pouch of capsule of fetlock joint; 2, inter-sesamoidean ligament; 3, 4, proximal end of digital synovial sheath; 5, ring formed by superficial flexor tendon; 6, fibrous tissue underlying ergot; 7, ergot; 8, 9, 9', branches of digital vessels; 10, distal ligament of distal sesamoid bone; 11, suspensory ligament of distal sesamoid bone; 12, 12', proximal and distal ends of bursa podotrochlearis.
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