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On Turkey: Stanley Lane- Poole, Turkey , in the "Story of the Nations" Series, and E. A. Freeman, The Ottoman Power in Europe, its Nature, its Growth, and its Decline , suggestive outlines by eminent English historians; Nicolae Jorga, Geschichte des osmanischen Reiches, 5 vols.

III, IV, the best and most up-to- date history of the Ottoman Empire; Joseph von Hammer, Geschichte des osmanischen Reiches, 10 vols. VI-VIII treat of the eighteenth century prior to 1774.

II, ch. xi, xii; far more pretentious works are, Joseph von Hammer, Geschichte des osmanischen Reiches, 2d ed., 4 vols. II, 1451-1538, and H. A. Gibbons, The Foundation of the Ottoman Empire , covering the earlier years, from 1300 to 1403. Five hundred years ago a European could search in vain the map of "the world" for America, or Australia, or the Pacific Ocean.

III , ch. iv; A. H. Lybyer, The Government of the Ottoman Empire in the Time of Suleiman the Magnificent ; Stanley Lane-Poole, Turkey in the "Story of the Nations" Series; Nicolae Jorga, Geschichte des osmanischen Reiches; Leopold von Ranke, Die Osmanen und die spanische Monarchie im sechzehnten und siebzehnten Jahrhundert; Joseph von Hammer, Geschichte des osmanischen Reiches, 2d ed., 4 vols.