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These uncivilised and fanatical usurpers of the caliphate of Bagdad overran the whole of Asia Minor and of Syria in twenty years; they dealt a heavy blow to the Eastern Empire on the field of Manzikert , and founded in Asia Minor the sultanate of Roum; they established smaller principalities in Syria.
The influence of climatic and other environmental factors has been ably treated by Prof. See also Chap. III. in Arminius Vambéry Der Islam im neunzehnten Jahrhundert. The Turkish overrunning of Asia Minor took place after the destruction of the Byzantine army in the great battle of Manzikert, A.D. 1071. The Turks captured Jerusalem in 1076.
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