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So again, the sound-producing organs proper to the males of the Homoptera and Orthoptera have generally been transferred in a rudimentary, or even in a nearly perfect condition, to the females; yet not sufficiently perfect to be of any use.
Hoffberg, on the horns of the reindeer; on sexual preferences shewn by reindeer. Hoffman, Prof., protective colours; fighting of frogs. Hog, wart-; river-. Hog-deer. Holland, Sir H., on the effects of new diseases. Homologous structures, correlated variation of. Homoptera, stridulation of the, and Orthoptera, discussed. Honduras, Quiscalus major in.
In the tropics their place is taken in a great measure by species of Coccidae and genera of Homoptera, such as Membracis and its allies. This ant took great care of the scale-insects, and attacked savagely any one interfering with them, as I often found to my cost, when trying to clear my pines, by being stung severely by them.
We have seen that by many species of plant-lice, scale-insects, and leaf-hoppers, a honey-like fluid is secreted that attracts ants to attend upon them. In many of the Homoptera, this secretion only amounts to a white powder covering the body, as in some of the Fulgoridae. In others it is more abundant, and it reaches its extreme limit in a species of Phenax that I found at Santo Domingo.
Of the Homoptera, the one which will most frequently arrest attention is the cicada, which, resting high up on the bark of a tree, makes the forest re-echo with a long-sustained noise so curiously resembling that of a cutler's wheel that the creature producing it has acquired the highly-appropriate name of the "knife-grinder."
In the Homoptera, also, the females have the proper musical apparatus in a functionless state; and we shall hereafter meet in other divisions of the animal kingdom with many instances of structures proper to the male being present in a rudimentary condition of the female.
Diversified structures possessed by the males for seizing the females Differences between the sexes, of which the meaning is not understood Difference in size between the sexes Thysanura Diptera Hemiptera Homoptera, musical powers possessed by the males alone Orthoptera, musical instruments of the males, much diversified in structure; pugnacity; colours Neuroptera, sexual differences in colour Hymenoptera, pugnacity and odours Coleoptera, colours; furnished with great horns, apparently as an ornament; battles, stridulating organs generally common to both sexes.
As there is so much rivalry between the males, it is probable that the females not only find them by their sounds, but that, like female birds, they are excited or allured by the male with the most attractive voice. I have not heard of any well-marked cases of ornamental differences between the sexes of the Homoptera. Mr.
Douglas, J.W., on the sexual differences of the Hemiptera; colours of British Homoptera. Down, of birds. Draco, gular appendages of. Dragonet, Gemmeous. Dragon-flies, caudal appendages of male; relative size of the sexes of; difference in the sexes of; want of pugnacity by the male. Drake, breeding plumage of the. Dreams, possible source of the belief in spiritual agencies.
From the analogy of the Orthoptera and Homoptera, I expected to find the stridulating organs in the Coleoptera differing according to sex; but Landois, who has carefully examined several species, observed no such difference; nor did Westring; nor did Mr. G.R. Crotch in preparing the many specimens which he had the kindness to send me.
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