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Louis, with the amorous temperament of Henry IV. In order to strengthen that ascendency and to remain exclusive mistress of a confidence of which power was the price, the Princess des Ursins flinched neither under fatigue calculated to exhaust the sturdiest frame, nor before services the nature of which would have outraged her pride, had it not been to her, as Saint-Simon says, une même chose d'être et de gouverner.
When the news of her death reached him in the Holy Land, he went to his oratory, fell on his knees before the altar, submissive to the will of God, and cried out with tears in his eyes, that he had loved the queen, "his most dear lady and mother, beyond all mortal creatures." The king's conception of his office was summed up in two words Gouverner bien.
Perhaps you are not familiar with the quatrain: "'Sire, si vous laissez, comme Charles désire, Comme Diane veut, par trop vous gouverner, Foudre, pétrir, mollir, refondre, retourner, Sire vous n'êtes plus, vous n'êtes plus que cire."
Il sembloit a son grè gouverner la tonnere, Fouler aux pieds ses enemis vaincus, Je ne fis que passer, il a'etoit deja plus. Amidst all their misfortunes, the French people, and more especially the peasantry, have contrived to preserve their characteristic gaiety.
M'Culloch is simply generalising Adam Smith's congenial doctrine that statesmen are guilty of absurd presumption when they try to interfere with a man's management of his own property. This theory, again, is expressed by the familiar maxim pas trop gouverner, which is common to the whole school, and often accepted explicitly. It will be quite enough to notice one or two characteristic results.
There is no elasticity in her firmness to prevent it from degenerating into obstinacy. It is not the firmness of the tree that bends without breaking, but the firmness of a certain long-eared animal whose force of character has impressed itself on the common mind and become proverbial. Jean Paul says if "Pas trop gouverner" is the best rule in politics, it is equally true of discipline.
As Richter remarks "The best rule in politics is said to be 'pas trop gouverner: it is also true in education." And in spontaneous conformity with this maxim, parents whose lust of dominion is restrained by a true sense of duty, will aim to make their children control themselves as much as possible, and will fall back upon absolutism only as a last resort.
Afterwards Napoleon asked many questions about the Cortes, and when Lord John told him that many of the members made good speeches on abstract questions, but they failed when any practical debate on finance or war took place, Napoleon drily remarked: 'Oui, faute de l'habitude de gouverner. Presently the talk drifted to Wellington, or rather Napoleon adroitly led it thither.
It is desirable, therefore, that we should here at the start make sure what we mean by "government," in order that we may have a clear idea of what we are talking about. The French word was gouverner, and its oldest form was the Latin gubernare, a word which the Romans borrowed from the Greek, and meant originally "to steer the ship."
He desires what seemed at that time to be almost hopeless, a national system of education; but his main doctrine is the wisdom of reliance upon individual effort. The truth of the maxim 'pas trop gouverner, he says, has never been better illustrated than by the contrast between friendly societies and the poor-laws.
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