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And geologists are now able to state with tolerable confidence that, however old many of the granites may be, yet a large amount of the fire-built rocks are no older than the water-built rocks which lie over them. So by many geologists the names of Primary, Transition, and Secondary Formations are pretty well given up. But if they really do lie under, how can they possibly be of the same age?
Rocks of pure flint, pure clay, or pure lime, are rarely or never met with. Most rocks are made up of several different substances melted together. In the fire-built rocks no remains of animals are found, though in water-built rocks they abound.
The chief reason for the general belief that fire-built rocks were older than water-built ones was, that the former are as a rule found to lie lower than the latter. They form, as it were, the basement of the building, while the top-stories are made of water-built rocks. Many still believe that there is much truth in the thought.
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