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An ancient quatrain, quoted by Geoffrey Keating, is thus literally translated: "After the happy Melaghlin Son of Donald, son of Donogh, Each noble king ruled his own tribe But Erin owned no sovereign Lord." The annals of the eleventh and twelfth centuries curiously illustrate the workings of this "anarchical constitution" to employ a phrase first applied to the Germanic Confederation.

One of the most celebrated spies of this century was Donogh Fitzpatrick, son of the Lord of Ossory, who was slain by the English in 1250. He was said to be "one of the three men" most feared by the English in his day. "He was in the habit of going about to reconnoitre their market towns," say the Annalists, "in various disguises."

When he reached man's age he married the daughter of Dermid, and we shall soon hear of him again asserting in Munster the pretensions of the eldest surviving branch of the O'Brien family. The death of his brother and of Malachy within the same year, proved favourable to the ambition of Donogh O'Brien.

This house developing its power so unexpectedly, and almost always certain to have the national forces under the command of a Patron Prince at their back, were soon involved in quarrels about boundaries, both with Leinster and Munster. King Donogh, at the outset of his reign, led his forces into both principalities, and without battle received their hostages.

This house developing its power so unexpectedly, and almost always certain to have the national forces under the command of a Patron Prince at their back, were soon involved in quarrels about boundaries, both with Leinster and Munster. King Donogh, at the outset of his reign, led his forces into both principalities, and without battle received their hostages.

An ancient quatrain, quoted by Geoffrey Keating, is thus literally translated: "After the happy Melaghlin Son of Donald, son of Donogh, Each noble king ruled his own tribe But Erin owned no sovereign Lord." The annals of the eleventh and twelfth centuries curiously illustrate the workings of this "anarchical constitution" to employ a phrase first applied to the Germanic Confederation.

A border strife between Meath and Leinster arose not unlike that which had been waged a few years before for the deposition of Donogh, between Leinster and Ossory on the one part, and Munster on the other. Various were the encounters, whose obscure details are seldom preserved to us.

It is said by some writers that Donogh brought with him to Rome and presented to the Pope, Alexander II., the crown of his father and from this tradition many theories and controversies have sprung.

Murkertach first appears in our annals at the year 921, and disappears in the thick of the battle in 938. His whole career covers seventeen years; his position throughout was subordinate and expectant for King Donogh outlived his heir: but there are few names in any age of the history of his country more worthy of historical honour than his.

The position of Donogh O'Brien became yearly weaker. His rival had youth, energy, and fortune on his side. The Prince of Connaught finally joined him, and thus, a league was formed, which overcame all opposition.