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The tribe of Indians known as the Wahkiacums has entirely disappeared; but the name survives as that of one of the counties of Washington bordering on the Columbia. Wahkiacum is the county lying next west of Cowlitz. When the explorers passed down the river under the piloting of their Indian friend wearing a sailor's jacket, they were in a thick fog.
Passing Cape Flattery in a Storm. Off Shore. The "Brontes." The Captain and his Men. A Fair Wind. San Francisco Bar. The City at Night. Voyage to Astoria. Crescent City. Iron-Bound Coast. Mount St. Helen's. Mount Hood. Cowlitz Valley and its Floods. Monticello. SAN FRANCISCO, February 20, 1867. We are here at last, contrary to all our expectations for the last ten days.
Later in the day, Captain Clark ascended a bluff on the river bank, where he saw "a very high mountain covered with snow." This was Mount St. Helen's, in Cowlitz County, Washington. The altitude of the peak is nine thousand seven hundred and fifty feet.
Nor is there much in these woods to tempt the farmer or cattle raiser. A few settlers established homes on the prairies or open borders of the woods and in the valleys of the Chehalis and Cowlitz before the gold days of California. Most of the early immigrants from the Eastern States, however, settled in the fertile and open Willamette Valley or Oregon.
Port Angeles Village and the Indian Ranch. A "Ship's Klootchman." Indian Muck-a-Muck. Disposition of an Old Indian Woman. A Windy Trip to Victoria. The Black Tamáhnous. McDonald's in the Wilderness. The Wild Cowlitz. Up the River during a Flood. Indian Boatmen. Birch-Bark and Cedar Canoes. EDIZ HOOK, October 21, 1866. We are making a visit at the end of Ediz Hook.
In crossing from the Columbia River to the Sound, we saw, along the Cowlitz Valley, marks of the havoc and devastation caused by the floods of last winter. The wild mountain stream had swept away many familiar landmarks since we were last there; in fact, had abandoned its bed, and taken a new channel. It gave us a realizing sense of the fact that great changes are still in process on our globe.
He was only perfectly confident when he had a coast he knew well on his weather beam; and then he was rather apt to boast of his knowledge of seamanship and navigation. Fortunately the first mate of the Cowlitz was a better seaman than the master, or she would not have been able to find her way from one port to another even as well as she did.
The second mate was an Englishman of a respectable family. He had run away to sea because he did not like learning or the discipline of school; but he acknowledged to me that he had more to learn, and was kept much more strictly, on board ship than on shore. His former ship had been cast away on the coast of Java; when, finding the Cowlitz, he had joined her, and had since remained in her.
This matter is much in need of further investigation; at present, however, we find no reason to believe that the salmon enter the Rogue River simply because they were spawned there, or that a salmon hatched in the Clackamas River is any the more likely on that account to return to the Clackamas than to go up the Cowlitz or the Deschutes.
We lost sight of the Cowlitz just as the sun sunk in the western wave. We were now gliding calmly over the starlit sea the beautiful firmament above us shining with a splendour peculiar to the torrid zone. The boats sailed well, and kept company easily together. "This is one of the vicissitudes to which a seaman is exposed, Mr Seaworth," observed Adam Fairburn, as I sat by his side.
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