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To the first warning a low cry responds; on the second, announcing a nearer danger, all the band fly away with vociferations which need no longer be restrained. E. Poppig, Fragmenta zoologica itineris Chilensis, 1829-30. When these birds have been disturbed in any spot, they never return without great precautions.
Collected by M. Domeyko from the same locality, apparently near Arqueros: Terebratula aenigma and Terebratula ignaciana, in same block of limestone: Pecten Dufreynoyi. Ostrea hemispherica. Hippurites Chilensis. Turritella Andii. Nautilus Domeykus. In a collection from the Cordillera, given me: the specimens all in the same condition: Pecten Dufreynoyi. Turritella Andii. Terebratula ignaciana.
In descending from the Arqueros district, I crossed on the northern border of the valley, strata inclined eastward from the Pluclaro axis: on the porphyritic conglomerate there rested a mass, some hundred feet thick, of brown argillaceous limestone, in parts crystalline, and in parts almost composed of Hippurites Chilensis, d'Orbigny; above this came a black calcareous shale, and on it a red conglomerate.
In this genus we thus have an absolutely and completely fresh-water form of the very same species distributed between different and distinct geographical regions. Of the lower fishes, a lamprey, Mordacia mordax, is common to South Australia and Chile; while another form of the same family, namely, Geotria chilensis, is found not only in South America and Australia, but in New Zealand also.
I will reiterate the evidence on the association of these several shells in the several localities. In the same bed, Rio Claro: Pecten Dufreynoyi. Ostrea hemispherica. Terebratula aenigma. Spirifer linguiferoides. Same bed, near Arqueros: Hippurites Chilensis. Gryphaea orientalis.
A collection of shells, from the island of Quiriquina, has been described by M. d'Orbigny: they are all extinct, and from their generic character, M. d'Orbigny inferred that they were of tertiary origin: they consist of: Scalaria Chilensis, d'Orbigny, "Voyage, Part Pal." 2. Natica Araucana, d'Orbigny, "Voyage, Part Pal." 3. Natica australis, d'Orbigny, "Voyage, Part Pal." 4.
Terebratula aenigma, var. Spirifer Chilensis. Mingled together in alternating beds in the main valley of Copiapo near Las Amolanas, and likewise higher up the valley: Pecten Dufreynoyi. Turritella Andii. Terebratula aenigma, var. as at Guasco. Astarte Darwinii. Gryphaea Darwinii. Gryphaea nov. species? Perna Americana. Avicula, nov. species. Pecten Dufreynoyi. Gryphaea Darwinii?
Only the Turritella Chilensis from Huafo and Mocha, the T. Patagonica and Venus meridionalis from Navidad, come very near to recent South American shells, namely, the two Turritellas to T. cingulata, and the Venus to V. exalbida: some few other species come rather less near; and some few resemble forms in the older European tertiary deposits: none of the species resemble secondary forms.
The two great species, Fragaria chilensis, found on the Pacific slope from Oregon to Chili, and Fragaria virginiana, growing wild in all parts of North America east of the Rocky Mountains, are the sources of all the fine varieties that have been named and cultivated. Its seeds, sown under all possible conditions, reproduce the parent plant.
Venus Chilensis, d'Orbigny "Voyage" Pal. 8. Solecurtus hanetianus, d'Orbigny "Voyage" Pal. 9. Mactra auca, d'Orbigny "Voyage" Pal. 10. Oliva serena, d'Orbigny "Voyage" Pal. Of these twenty-four shells, all are extinct, except, according to Mr. Sowerby, the Artemis ponderosa, Mytilus Chiloensis, and probably the great Balanus.
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