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Here four of the names are new, showing an intervening election. The deacons are not mentioned, but would naturally not appear in a document of that kind. Most of the early letters are addressed to the 'AElteste und Diaconen' of the several churches.
The rules for the Government of the Reformed Church at Amwell, N. J., 1749, are signed by the 'AElteste und Diaconen oder Vorsteher. It seems, therefore, that the two terms were used interchangeably. With regard to the points of doubt you suggest, I can only say: "1. The two distinct orders, elders and deacons, have certainly existed from the beginning in the American churches.
The state of geographical knowledge at the beginning of the period of explorations is well described in C. R. Beazley, Introduction to the volume of the Hakluyt Society's publications for 1899. F. Kunstmann, Die Kenntniss Indiens in XV. Jahrhunderts ; and G. H. Pertz, Der Aelteste Versuch zur Entdeckung des Seeweges nach Ostindien , describe two important phases of that subject.
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