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Another grief befell him in 1083, in the death of Matilda, who, it was currently believed, pined away with grief at his fury against her beloved first-born anger that his affection for her could not mitigate, though he loved her so tenderly that his great heart almost broke at her death, and he never was the same man during the four years that he survived her.
+1083+. The necessity for a house of worship arose very early. Where there was an image or a symbol of a god, or where the apparatus of sacrifice or of other ritual practice was considerable, buildings were required for the protection of these objects and perhaps for the convenience of the ministrants.
We are, however, certain as to the date of the bell, for an inscription is upon it, stating it was made to the order of Donnell O’Lochlain, one of the old Irish kings, who came to the throne in 1083, and died in 1121. The first brooch discovered in Ireland is in the possession of Mr. Waterhouse, the goldsmith, of Dublin. It was found accidentally by a peasant near Drogheda.
The foundation of the cathedral was laid in 1083, and it was finished in 1534. In printed lists of its bishops, as in those of other English cathedral churches, I have noticed that they are given in their chronological succession, right on, the bishops of the Reformed Church being linked upon the Roman Catholic bishops.
He proved an irreconcilable enemy to the German emperors, and entered into close relations with the Pope. His pilgrimage to Jerusalem, in 1083, added to his prestige, and the Emperor Alexis, who had received him with great pomp in Constantinople, asked his support against the Turks. The rich and powerful Count of Flanders did not remain in the Holy Land, like the ruined Duke of Lotharingia.
He also points out that France may by taking a certain course estrange the United States for ever and bind it closely to France's great enemy. This particular address to Talleyrand is dated February 1, 1803, and may be found in the Annals of Congress, 1802-1803, at pages 1078 to 1083.
The autumn ships from Quebec brought back the usual complaints, and the long-suffering king at length made good his threat. La Barre au Ministre, 1083. The fundamental quarrel was generally covered by superficial issues, and it was rarely that the governor fell out with anybody who was not in league with the bishop and the Jesuits.
The mind of William was just now mainly given to the affairs of his island kingdom. In the winter of 1083 he hastened from the death- bed of his wife to the siege of Sainte-Susanne, and thence to the Midwinter Gemot in England. The chief object of the assembly was the specially distasteful one of laying on of a tax.
Henry, who had regained in part his power and his influence at home, descended upon Rome in 1083, and in revenge for his former disgrace, expelled Gregory, who retired to Salerno, where he died soon after. Now comes a period of conflict between popes and anti-popes, Matilda sustaining the regular successors of Gregory, and Henry nominating men of his own choice.
Alfred himself complains, that on his accession he knew not one person, south of the Thames, who could so much as interpret the Latin service; and very few in the northern parts, who had reached even that pitch of erudition. See H. Hunt. lib. 6. in A. D. 1008. Annal. Waverl. in A.D. 1083.
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